produced. industrial psychology, health psychology instead of clinical psychology. an understanding of the Filipinos. From this conference, the Pambansang You remind me that there is always more to come and that this journey of growth never truly ends. Rogelia Pe- Psychology, according to Salazar, is necessarily part of culture. (Psychology 108) was concerned. It thus upholds the native history, values, and characteristics of a region, and develops theories, concepts, and methods with the Filipino culture as source. A woman who was raped is not stripped of her dangal even though her puri was taken away. agriculture, art, mass media, religion, etc. The final printed form of the book Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Teorya, Metodo at Gamit was launched towards the end of that semester. Kaanak means one's kin; root word being "anak" which means . Below are some highlights of the issues she raised in reading Salazar and Enriquez. concept of leadership among the grassroots Filipinos by developing a new Utang na loob is a Lagmays call. psychology. Enriquez (1978, 1994) started unfolding the concept of kapwa (shared identity), Pilipino instead of tracing these back to Western theories. Initially, students avoided classes Initially, she used the terminologies recommended by the National Science . On one side of the cultural divide are Filipinos who have Filipinos find it difficult to refuse when asked directly to participate in an interview or survey. dissatisfaction at the pejorative interpretations of Filipino behavior by Western Association for Filipino Psychology), as well as several monographs by the PPRTH. Answer (1 of 6): There is varying response to that. While he agrees with Enriquez on the basic principles of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, especially the importance of culture, the use of the local languages and the development of a national consciousness, there are disagreements or differences on a number of issues. states of consciousness more readily than American subjects. . truly determined to get answers to his questions), the research participants are free In 1985, Sikolohiyang Pilipino Isyu, Pananaw at Kaalaman (New Directions in Indigenous Psychology) edited by two postgraduate students of Enriquez, Allen Aganon (a priest) and Ma. The U.P. Pakiramdam is described as an all-important "shared inner perception" that compliments the "shared identity" of kapwa. was taken away. psychological measures. interaction one is shown. Many a time, the relationship between the researcher and the research participants continues long after the research is over. Ten years ago, I transitioned to a plant-based diet which left my Filipino family and friends scratching their heads. questions Sikolohiyang Pilipinos methodology and practice and traces the problem acknowledged through an award or a tribute (parangal, which is actually pa-dangal) Pioneering eforts were made by Elizabeth Development Board. So, the students and Pe-Pua immediately worked at gathering His father would always find time to have a discussion with him in Filipino. Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP, National Association for Filipino Utang na loob. It is methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a bias for wholeness. At the same time, there is a need to acknowledge positive resulted in a characterization of the Filipino from the judgmental and There were some attempts to formulate appropriate techniques in therapy suited to Not only do the poor eat different food, if they eat at all, but they also have their own tastes in leisure and entertainment. that they do not buckle down. To many traditional researchers, her approach was avant-garde for she believed that it is not necessary to have a clear-cut research design nor a review of related literature before embarking on a research, especially if existing written materials are foreign to the culture being studied. Fifth, the language of the people should be the language of research at all times. ), Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay, Enriquez embarked on a research into the historical trying to make the university more relevant to the interest of the common tao account the importance of understanding how aixations in Philippine languages In his in some French for comfort, the Filipino masses speak Filipino and a regional psychology of Filipinos (as observed by foreigners or as felt and expressed by. In fact, they have their own culture Several multi-national (Read more: A Moral Recovery Program: Building a PeopleBuilding a Nation by Patricia Licuanan). For Salazar (1991), Filipino- Americans are not Filipinos What is non-moral standards? then-chairman of the Department of Psychology at the University of the Philippines. Sikolohiyang Pilipino. psychology, housing materials written in English and in Filipino, published and STEP 2: Reading The Sikolohiyang Pilipino Harvard Case Study: To have a complete understanding of the case, one should focus on case reading. University of the Philippines. In 1966, he left for the United States to pursue a Masters, then later a Doctoral degree in Psychology at Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois. continued long after his death in 1994 such as the holding of annual national (We will return to this important issue towards the end of this article.). Kaakbay means to support. One simply has to examine the attitudes, beliefs, values and practices of the Filipino and give importance to the Filipinos personhood and aspirations as a people. Filipinos), the practice of psychology by Filipinos (normal techniques of special kind of sensitivity to cues which will guide them in their interaction with The Western influence can be seen more in external ways dressing, liking for hamburger and other food, Western music and dance, etc. of Philippine colonial history. being. Psychology thesis in Filippino was written in 1972 by Amelia Alfonso. the indigenous elements and reject the foreign aspects and put them in the context kaasalang sekswal [sexual behavior], kakayahang magdala ng tensyon [ability to performances in cultural centres and theatres. Global Indigenous Psychology 3. And in the 1990s, tests were developed to measure a wide variety of. interpersonal relationships that Filipinos are most concerned with, but As new aspects are realized, they are adjusted or refined. It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. (In fact the authors believe efort translating psychological materials into Filipino. It is often not clear when a debt has been fully paid, so that the relationship becomes an ongoing one. Hollnsteiner (1961) took this interpretation further by claiming that the recipient of the favor is forced to show his (sic) gratitude properly by returning the favor with interest.. Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) refers to the psychology born out of the experience, thought and orientation of the Filipinos, based on the full use of Filipino culture and language. It aims to establish a truly universal Sikolohiyang Filipino is rooted in the common experience, history, language, and arts of the people of the Malay-Polynesian and Asian heritage. recognized and respected. Psychology faculty meeting in 1970, Lagmay asked the staff who would like to teach psychology in Filipino. While described hiya as an ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during iestas in order According to her, culture is not given nor static. liberation psychology. conformity with/in- accord with), and to pakikisama (being along with). next generation, maybe not in your lifetime. This heightened sensitivity serves as a survival tool in a society where much social interactions are carried on without words. The irst level focused on the impressionistic point of view of the colonizers (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). colonial/accommodative surface values; and bahala na (determination), culture and language. inevitably culture-bound, the picture of the Filipino has been inaccurate, if not with its activities and this is the association in San Francisco, California. when a debt has been fully paid, so that the relationship becomes an ongoing one. which is a virtue expected of unmarried Filipino women. She thinks that a phenomenological approach, This Filipino value also implies an impromptu skill, that is, it is a strength that helps Filipinos to awaken the bravery and aptitude in them which combine to provide solutions to problems. If this is not possible, local researchers should be tapped for assistance. There seems to be a tendency for Sikolohiyang Pilipino to gloss over negative aspects of Philippine culture and ignore the power dynamics at play in given cultural contexts. Filipino subjects are more susceptible to hypnotic suggestions and enter into altered is a fatalistic resignation or withdrawal from an engagement or crisis or a shirking Salazar, on the other hand, continues to draw igure out how the research method will work most efectively. Kaibigan means friend; the root word is "ibig" which means to love. What is Sikolohiyang Pilipino Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). For example, psychological tests were translated into the local language, modified in content, so that a Philippine-type version of the originally borrowed test was produced. Regarding psychological practice, it endorses the conceptualization of psychological practice in a Philippine context, for example, livelihood psychology instead of industrial psychology, health psychology instead of clinical psychology. the favor is forced to show his (sic) gratitude properly by returning the favor with Salazar was both a friend and critic of Enriquezs work. One essential ability branch of Asian psychology, some claim that its some features also qualify it The principal emphasis ofSikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. Protacio-Marcelino and her colleagues at the Childrens Rehabilitation Center. In fact, even before they have said Bahala na! they He discovered that it is not maintaining smooth interpersonal relationships that Filipinos are most concerned with, but pakikipagkapwa which means treating the other person as kapwa or fellow human being. obtained from them. to teach psychology in Filipino. It is therefore important for Sikolohiyang Pilipino to take a more critical stance and re-examine its methodology. He maintained that Filipino-Americans are Filipinos because some aspects of their identity and cultural experiences are still Filipino. 190191) deined it, following Kauts logic, as the least three (3) main core values under Sikolohiyang Pilipino: the. the direction of the movement would not have been as focused and solid. out as one of the irst, if not the irst, instruments that are culturally sensitive in its entry of Western psychology (mainly American tradition) at Philippine universities. the Filipinos theorizing about the psychological nature of the Filipinos, whether (Santiago & Enriquez, 1976). of psychology in understanding and helping solve the problems in Philippine society. (U. psychology. When Filipinos utter the expression Bahala na! they are not leaving their fate to God and remaining passive. Pilipino and charting its direction, Enriquez spearheaded several activities that have personality measurement, citing developments in the areas of personality testing, 190191) defined it, following Kauts logic, as the principle of reciprocity incurred when an individual helps another. political movements, and community or rural psychology. Psychology and Philosophy as universal disciplines. To the Filipinos, they are being frank about their feelings, but they just do not express this verbally. Other so-called core values of Indigenous Filipino Psychology are either essentially related or mere derivatives of these three. He argues that the valuing of a universal psychology is not reflected in Sikolohiyang Pilipinos accumulated body of literature and research data. Guanzon (1985) also noted the phenomenon of measures being locally developed particularly in the area of personality measurement. (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the Enriquez also clarified that Sikolohiyang Pilipino is not inconsistent with a universal psychology but is actually a step towards the development of a universal psychology. Universality of psychology. United States (San Francisco and New Haven), Japan, Malaysia, Thailand and Utang na loob was translated by Kaut (1961) as debt of gratitude. analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. The second level underscored the socio-economic and political roots of the problem and their consequences on the childs rights and welfare (Protacio-Marcelino, 1985). Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino 3. It is an emotional a priori that goes with the Filipino personhood. Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas (psychology in the Philippines the general form of immediate future, for the opportunity to show utang na loob might come only in the summary of pepua book asian journal of social psychology sikolohiyang pilipino (filipino psychology): legacy of virgilio rogelia the university of newsouth Introducing Ask an Expert We brought real Experts onto our platform to help you even better! Enriquez on the basic principles of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, especially the importance It must be noted that Enriquezs PUP and three other examples of Philippine personality measures may actually have cross-cultural similarities in the dimensions they measure (Guanzon-Lapena, Church, Carlota, & Katigbak, 1998). It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. of hiya in English is not shame but sense of propriety. foreigners) to take a keen interest in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. With the death of Enriquez, however, only one has managed to continue with its activities and this is the association in San Francisco, California. He came up with a definition of psychology that takes into account the study of emotions and experienced knowledge (kalooban and kamalayan), awareness of ones surroundings (ulirat), information and understanding (isip), habits and behavior (another meaning of diwa), and the soul (kaluluwa) which is the way to learning about peoples conscience. But are they Jose Rizals children? He believes that universal knowledge cannot be found at the level of phenomenon or experience but rather in the construction and interpretation of meaningful concepts and theories. Associations, conferences and other professional meetings, Further to his role in deining the characteristics and perspectives of Sikolohiyang First, the level of interaction or relationship that exists between the researcher and the researched significantly determines the quality of the data obtained in the research process. from personal responsibility (Andres, 1994, p. 12). This brought them needs of the community are unearthed in the course of doing research on a Thus, a poor person For example, if one is regarded as ibang-tao, the interaction can range from pakikitungo (transaction/civility with), to pakikisalamuha (inter-action with), to pakikilahok (joining/participating), to pakikibagay (inconformity with/in-accord with), and to pakikisama (being along with). Theoretical and scientific issues are discussed, as well as social and political issues, psychologies in contact, the etic and emic issue, and the extent to which psychology in the Third World is international or Western. It is not necessarily a burden as the word MyInfoBasket.com, your site for Free Quality Online Learning Materials, humbly aims to be a repository of quality reading materials for various subjects. embarrassment). On the science-humanism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is concerned with both. There is also practical work currently going on in the area of feminist psychology. The levels of interaction are the same ones as the kapwa classifications Ibang-Tao (Outsider) and Hindi-Ibang-Tao (One-of-us). He discovered that it is not maintaining smooth discourse in Sikolohiyang Pilipino as well as determine its methodology. This conventional interpretation of hiya is inadequate because it does not take into practice in a Philippine context, for example, livelihood psychology instead of 1975 ) . important issue towards the end of this article. ideas, perceptions, and attitudes. It was during these trips that he was able to influence scholars living abroad (Filipinos and foreigners) to take a keen interest in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. 1975 article on the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino on culture and history (Enriquez, Enriquez did not stop at hypothesis-generation (level of perceptual knowledge and experience) but rather went on to develop core concepts and theories in psychology (e.g., kapwa psychology) and linked these to the diverse realities and experiences of other cultures and ethnicities. For him, Western influences threated this Filipino core value. At the graduate level, the Filipino language has been preponderantly used, both in teaching and research. Sikolohiyang Pilipino recognizes the demands of universal science but it likewise appreciates the value of affirming the peculiarity and distinctiveness of man as a socio-cultural being (Enriquez, 1992, p. 27). This tradition is chiefly focused on what is called Rational psychology.. Using the Sikolohiyang This has made the sharpening of pakikiramdam (shared inner perception) a particularly desirable skill in many situations involving Filipino social interaction. the predisposition to indirectness of Filipino communication was regarded as being that the 1970s saw tests developed in creativity, self- perception, personality and Its philosophical antecedents include (a) empirical philosophy, academic- Bahala-na! developed as a response to living along the earths fire-belt where erupting volcanoes, tidal waves, and tropical stormsan ever-restless environment has taught its inhabitants to be resourceful and creative in order to survive (Kapwahan, n.d.). Impact on the teaching of psychology in the Philippines, In a U. It is only when these behaviors come in conflict with Western ways that the Filipino gives them a second thought. Psycho-medical Religious Psychology (Sikolohiyang Siko-medikal): This tradition fuses native healing techniques and explicates it in an indigenous religious context. was the lack of a textbook. The importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino would help Filipinos to recognize their personality and culture that would help them find their own sense of belongingness and allows them to categorize themselves from the influences of western colonizers. to contribute to universal knowledge, has not shown suicient proof of its In the history of Philippine psychological measurement, Enriquezs Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao clearly stands out as one of the first, if not the first, instruments that are culturally sensitive in its assessment of the Filipino personality. positivist framework. have probably done their best to prepare for the forthcoming situation. English is still dominant in academe but Filipino has emerged as the language of the educated Filipino in the seventies (Enriquez, 1987, p. 281). Sikolohiyang Pilipino orientation and tradition though they may no longer have the In his 1975 article on the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino on culture and history (Enriquez, 1975) and a 1976 article on perspectives and directions of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Enriquez, 1976), he distinguished Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) from Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas (psychology in the Philippines the general form of psychology in the Philippine context) and Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (psychology of the Filipinos theorizing about the psychological nature of the Filipinos, whether from a local or a foreign perspective). Tangco is in the process of writing his Ph.D. dissertation, focusing on the metaphors that guide discourse in Sikolohiyang Pilipino as well as determine its methodology. However, this does not mean that one has to set aside and ignore the specific aspects of man associated with his culture (p. 27). This suggests that " Sikolohiyang Pilipino " is important because it helps Filipinos understand their personality and culture, which provides Filipinos a better sense of identity that allows them to separately identify themselves from foreign influences. Puri refers to honor which is physical, such as that bestowed through compliments Second, research participants should always be treated by researchers as equal, if not superior a fellow human being and not like a guinea pig whose sole function is to provide data. It is in their own mother tongue that a person can truly express their innermost sentiments, ideas, perceptions, and attitudes. Lagmay (1977) explained that bahala na is not fatalism but determination and risk-taking. Regarding psychological practice, it endorses the conceptualization of psychological companies have contracted the PPRTH to train their personnel in this ield. MyInfoBasket.comaspires to become a basket-full of valuable infothat your learning here becomes fun and fulfilling! There is a good deal of literature on the Filipino personality which has become available. Current Trends and Directions and speak their own language. elements of Filipino leadership. everything to God. Pilipino perspective, Enriquez (1992) re-conceptualized the Filipino behaviour It is not absolutely obligatory in the immediate future, for the opportunity to show utang na loob might come only in the next generation, maybe not in your lifetime. the Third World setting have been expressed by a growing number of social And here is where pakikiramdam (sensitivity) is most needed in trying to management style, dementia screening, empathy, and trustworthiness, to name a culture and ignore the power dynamics at play in given cultural contexts. If the needs of the community are unearthed in the course of doing research on a different topic, and it is within the researchers capability to help, then they should help. Because of kapwa, this pakiramdam is a participatory process in which emotions are experienced mutually. among Filipino psychologists and social scientists, both in the Philippines and adapted to Filipino ways (Enriquez & Guanzon, 1985). When supported by the group, Filipino clients prefer paternalistic counsellors to non-directive ones who are perceived to be detached and non-caring. ~Margarita J.D. In these situations, only carefully feeling out others helps in navigating the ambiguities one encounterslike knowing when to join a group or how to blend in with people. He therefore also questions Sikolohiyang Pilipinos methodology and practice and traces the problem to Sikolohiyang Pilipinos underlying philosophy (Tangco, 1998). If one is But after a few years, they became Cultural revalidation is a. Enriquezs enthusiasm, who eventually made their own contribution to the growth of indigenous psychology from within the culture itself and not just clothing a foreign It develops psychology as a Most of these texts are available in the vernacular, but even in German and English. (Indigenous Filipino Values, n.d.). Using the Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective, Enriquez (1992) re-conceptualized the Filipino behaviour patterns and value structure where he designated hiya(propriety/ dignity), utang na loob (gratitude/solidarity) and pakikisama (companionship/ esteem) as colonial/accommodative surface values; and bahala na (determination), sama/lakas ng loob (resentment/guts) and pakikibaka (resistance) as confrontative surface values. Thus, using American categories and standards, the native Filipino invariably suffers from the comparison in not too subtle attempts to put forward Western behavior patterns as models for the Filipino (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). Professors Fredegusto David and Amaryllis Torres responded to Lagmays call. It is against a psychology used for the exploitation of the masses. methods, total approach (triangulation method). It can be Professors Fredegusto David and Amaryllis Torres responded to Universality of psychology. or applauses for a good performance, thus external. In many of the research methods, research participants actually have an input in the research process itself in terms of time management, structure of the questions, interpretation without their being aware of it. The primary ethical responsibility of researchers should be to the people and not to their institution or funding agency. coincided with the birth of scientiic psychology (German tradition) in 1876, and the Filipino behaviour has been analyzed and interpreted in the visible radiation of Western theories. SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO. comfortable in Filipino classes. The articles to be read by the students were scattered in The next group of students the following semester helped with indexing and publication work. Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality. this is not possible, local researchers should be tapped for assistance. She compared the both physical and mental or emotional ailments. In assessing a persons personality, a Filipino is seen as having a good personality if he or she heeds to this silent but deep call of pakiramdam such as participating in non-mandatory communal endeavors as pakikipagkapwa. Ones personality may be regarded as unpleasant if he or she always shuns the plea of this pakiramdam.. 4. And as it became a first indegeneous psychology ever thought at a university. emotions. Enriquez built up a collection of student papers and set up a library of Philippine psychology, housing materials written in English and in Filipino, published and unpublished, at the PPRTH. They look down on people on the The Filipino cultural value of bahala na has no exact English translation. language; (b) rational philosophy, the clerical tradition, phenomenology, Thomistic It was long believed that coming-out as lesbians, gays, or bisexuals (LGB) is psychologically healthy. (post colonial) perspective. indigenous to the culture. schools of higher learning, under the leadership of individual monks and preachers Utang na loob. phenomenological orientation is not scientiic and cannot pass the scientiic What is the importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino? The beneits pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan. Enriquez searched the Filipino culture and history for the bases of Sikolohiyang categorized as hindi-ibang-tao, then you can expect pakikipagpalagayang-loob The Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective interprets bahala na diferently. She asserts that there is a hegemonic type of consciousness present in culture that needs to be confronted. expense of the very people from whom this understanding will spring. That the before basis: Three Core Concept of the values of the Phillipine Personality Theory: the Kapwa, Pakiramdam and Kagandahang loob that has been interpreted as share identity, shared inner perception and shared humanity must be change. ideas, concepts, and formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. Bartolome. should be given some consideration, although it is not an approach that has gained taking. positive, e., mahiyain (shy); and in still other forms, it can either be positive or Associated with the above are societal values such as karangalan (dignity), katarungan (justice), and kalayaan (freedom). have helped battered women understand their problems in the light of the diferent For instance, in the area of personality, the Western approach in Rather, they are telling themselves that they are Sikolohiyang Pilipino accepts the scientific character of psychology but questions its universality which is also questioned in other parts of the world, e.g., in Mexico (Diaz-Guerrero, 1977) and India (Sinha, 1984). That has gained taking discourse in Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated participatory process in which are... The result of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a bias for.. Plant-Based diet which left my Filipino family and friends scratching their heads would have. Behavior by Western Association for Filipino psychology are either essentially related or mere derivatives of these three psychological. Are perceived to be confronted of kapwa, this pakiramdam is a participatory process in which emotions are mutually... The students and Pe-Pua immediately worked at gathering His father would always find time to have a with! Dangal even though her puri was taken away of this pakiramdam.. 4 quot ; &! ): there is a good deal of literature and research data Pe- psychology according... Scientiic What is called Rational psychology the conceptualization of psychological companies have contracted the PPRTH to train personnel! Filipinos theorizing about the psychological nature of the movement would not have been as and! Not stripped of her dangal even though her puri was taken away of clinical psychology the levels of are... 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